Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 30
Filter
1.
Med. infant ; 30(1): 15-20, Marzo 2023. Tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1427875

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Analizar el circuito de utilización de los medicamentos de alto costo (MAC) y los resultados clínicos obtenidos en un hospital de pediatría público de alta complejidad de Argentina y presentar una estrategia de selección replicable para otras instituciones de similares características de la región. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, aleatorizado, conducido en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en el período entre el 1 de setiembre de 2018 y el 31 de marzo de 2019. Se evaluaron dos unidades de estudio, la unidad paciente y la unidad MAC. Resultados: Los MAC consumen 7.921.200 dólares estadounidenses (USD) anuales y representan el 41% del costo de los medicamentos del hospital de alta complejidad. El 50% del costo de los MAC estuvo representado por la gammaglobulina (medicamento utilizado en diferentes enfermedades). Los pacientes proceden de toda la Argentina y otros países y un 44% tiene cobertura de salud. Los diagnósticos para los que se prescribieron MAC con mayor frecuencia fueron los relacionados con patología oncológica (leucemia linfoide aguda, leucemia mieloblástica aguda). El 54% de los pacientes presentó mejoría atribuible directamente a la administración de los MAC, 39% no presentó cambios y el 7% empeoró. Conclusiones: La efectividad en los resultados clínicos y el análisis de los circuitos de aprobación indican que, además de la aprobación por las entidades nacional e internacionales, la evaluación responsable por parte de las instituciones efectoras, mediante la discusión interdisciplinaria basada en la mejor evidencia, contribuye a optimizar la utilización de los MAC y la seguridad de los pacientes (AU)


Objectives. To analyze the utilization circuit of high-cost medications (HCM) and the clinical results obtained in a tertiarycare public pediatric hospital in Argentina and to present a selection strategy that may be disseminated to other institutions of similar characteristics in the region. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, randomized study was conducted at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan in Buenos Aires between September 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019. Two study units were evaluated, the patient and the HCM. Results: HCMs account for 7,921,200 US dollars (USD) per year and represent 41% of the cost of drugs in this tertiary-care hospital. Gamma globulin (a drug used for different diseases) accounted for 50% of the cost of HCMs. Patients came from Argentina and other countries and 44% had a health insurance. Cancer (acute lymphoid leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia) was the diagnosis for which HCMs were most frequently prescribed. Fifty-four percent of patients showed improvement directly attributable to the administration of HCMs, 39% showed no change, and 7% worsened. Conclusions: The effectiveness in clinical outcomes and the analysis of approval circuits show that, in addition to approval by national and international entities, responsible evaluation by the effector institutions through interdisciplinary discussion based on the best evidence contributes to optimizing the use of HCMs and patient safety (AU)


Subject(s)
Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee , Pharmaceutical Preparations/economics , Ethics Committees , Drug Costs/statistics & numerical data , Drug Utilization , Hospitals, Pediatric , Hospitals, Public , Prospective Studies , Patient Safety , Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
2.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 61(1): [17], jul. 2020. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: biblio-1118869

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Probar una metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje, instrumentos de medición y sistema de implementación de la ECOE en relación con lactancia materna, alimentación complementaria, crecimiento y consejería. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estudió la adquisición de competencias sobre alimentación en menores de dos años en internos de pediatría aplicando la evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada (ECOE) antes y después del desarrollo de un proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje (PEA) estructurado. Se organizaron cuatro estaciones de evaluación de los aspectos centrales de alimentación y crecimiento, en un grupo de internos seleccionados al azar. RESULTADOS: Las cuatro estaciones de la ECOE se aplicaron sin dificultades antes y después del PEA. Los resultados mostraron una mejora en el rendimiento de los internos, de manera individual y de grupo; en este último las diferencias en la media fueron para alimentación complementaria pre 2,5 (DE 0,93) y post 5 (DE 2,39); consejería pre 5,75 (DE 1,49) y post 8,13 (DE 1,25); lactancia materna pre 12,63 (DE 2,5) y post 16,38 (DE 2) y velocidad de crecimiento pre 3,13 (DE 1,36) y post 3,38 (DE 0,92). Los resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos para los tres primeros rubros. CONCLUSIONES: En base a estos resultados se sugieren mejoras en el programa de enseñanza y se verifica la aplicabilidad de la ECOE en el internado del Hospital del Niño Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uría.


OBJECTIVE: To test a teaching-learning methodology, measurement tools and OSCE implementation system in relation to breastfeeding, complementary feeding, growth and counseling. METHODOLOGY: The acquisition of competences was studied by applying objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) before and after the development of a structured teaching-learning process. Four assessment stations were organized considering central aspects on feeding and growth of children under two years of age, in a group of randomly selected students during medical internship. RESULTS: The four OSCE stations were applied without difficulties before and after the learning and teaching process. The results showed an improvement in the performance of interns, individually and in groups; in the latter, mean differences were: for complementary feeding pre 2.5 (SD 0.93) and post 5 (SD 2.39); counseling pre 5.75 (SD 1.49) and post 8.13 (SD 1.25); breastfeeding pre 12.63 (SD 2.5) and post 16.38 (SD 2) and growth velocity pre 3.13 (SD 1.36) and post 3.38 (SD 0.92). The results were statistically significant for the first three items. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the authors suggest improvements in the teaching program, and verify the applicability of the OSCE for the evaluation of rotatory internship at the Hospital del Nino Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Breast Feeding , Minors , Internship and Residency , Teaching , Learning , Methods
3.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 34(3): 165-170, set. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978039

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Dimensionar la demanda de atención y/u hospitalización de la tuberculosis (TBC) en el Hospital de Puerto Montt (HPM). Método: Revisión retrospectiva de los registros de TBC del Servicio de Salud del Reloncaví (SSDR) y del HPM entre los años 2011 y 2015. Se incluyeron todos los casos de TBC activa vistos en forma ambulatoria u hospitalizada en el HPM. Resultados: Se diagnosticaron en el SSDR 298 casos de TBC, y de ellos un 64% (192/298) fue pesquisado en el HPM. Se presentan datos socioeconómicos, epidemiológicos, clínicos, de laboratorio y forma de diagnóstico de 180 casos, que cumplieron criterios de inclusión: varones 62%, edad media 44 ± 19 años. El 72% correspondieron al estrato social de menores ingresos, 4% indigentes, solo 14% poseía enseñanza media completa, 11% analfabetos, ruralidad 19%. Las principales co-morbilidades fueron alcoholismo (17%), VIH (12%), Diabetes (10%). En aquellos con TBC pulmonar o pleural (128) el tiempo con síntomas con frecuencia era prolongado (15% > 90 días) y la radiología mostraba enfermedad avanzada: infiltrados bilaterales 73%, compromiso > 3 lóbulos 55%, una o más cavitaciones 34%. Se hospitalizó el 71% (126/180), 50% por necesidad de estudio, 48%por gravedad. El 8% necesitó Unidad de Paciente Crítico (UPC). Fallecieron 24 pacientes (13%). Se asoció significativamente a mortalidad el analfabetismo y necesidad de UPC. Conclusiones: En el SSDR la TBC es un problema sanitario que afecta principalmente a poblaciones más pobres y vulnerables.


Backgroud: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a problem that impacts on hospitals of high complexity. Aim: To assess demand for care and/or hospitalization because of TB in Puerto Montt Hospital (PMH), located in the southern of Chile. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of all Reloncaví Health Service (RHS) and PMH clinical records, between 2011 and 2015. We include all ambulatory or hospitalized cases of active TB registered in PMH during the period of the study. Results: In RHS there were 298 cases of TB and 64% of them (192/298) was detected in HPM. We present social, economic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory studies, and specific type of diagnosis of 180 cases that met inclusion criteria: men 62%, mean age 45 ± 19 years-old. The population with lower income was 72%, 4% homeless, 14% with complete high school, 11% illiterate and 19% lived at country side. Main co-morbidities were alcoholism 17%, HIV 12%, Diabetes Mellitus 10%. In the specific group of lung/pleural TB (128 cases) the time with symptoms was often prolonged (15% > 90 days) and imagen studies showed advanced pathology: bilateral infiltrates 73%>, affecting three or more lobes 55%, cavitations 34%. 71% (126/180) were hospitalized, because of necessity of more study (50%) or severity (48%), 8% required to enter to the Critical Care Unit (CCU). Twenty-four patients died (13%). Illiteracy and the need for CCU were associated with mortality. Conclusions: In RHS TB is a sanitary problem that affects principally the most poor and vulnerable populations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis/mortality , Tuberculosis/therapy , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Vulnerable Populations , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(4): 1325-1332, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-946602

ABSTRACT

This study focused on assessing the microbiology of conveyor belts surfaces, cleaned or not with pressurized water, and verification of the influence of this process on the microbiological quality of poultry meat. A reduction on mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Enterobacteriaceae counts (P<0.05) on dry conveyor belts compared to wet ones was observed. For the chicken leg (consisting of drumstick and thigh) samples, no statistically significant differences were detected on counts of indicators of microorganisms on poultry legs (composed by drumstick and thigh). For poultry meat conducted on wet or dry conveyor belts, 99% and 86%, were positive for Listeria spp, respectively. Only one sample of chicken leg was positive for presence of L. monocytogenes. These results demonstrate that there is no need to use water for cleaning conveyor belts during processing, which allows a reduction on the use of potable water in poultry slaughterhouses without jeopardizing food safety and public health.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica das superfícies das esteiras condutoras de cortes de carne de frango, higienizadas ou não com água pressurizada, bem como verificar a influência desse processo na qualidade microbiológica de cortes de frango. Foram observadas menores contagens, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (P<0,05) entre as populações de mesófilos, psicrotróficos e enterobactérias, nas esteiras condutoras de cortes secas em relação às úmidas. Nos cortes de coxa com sobrecoxa, as médias encontradas para populações de microrganismos indicadores não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Nos cortes analisados conduzidos pelas esteiras seca e úmida, 99% e 86% foram positivos para o isolamento de Listeria spp., respectivamente. Apenas uma amostra de corte de coxa com sobrecoxa desossada foi positiva para a presença de L. monocytogenes. Os resultados demonstram a possibilidade do desligamento do sistema de autolimpeza das esteiras condutoras de cortes, obedecendo às questões de segurança dos alimentos e à saúde pública, o que resulta na redução do uso de água potável pelos matadouros-frigoríficos de aves.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae , Food Microbiology , Listeria monocytogenes
5.
Rev. chil. cir ; 69(5): 412-415, oct. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899626

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El cáncer gástrico es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer, en hombres, en Chile, siendo el adenocarcinoma la variante más frecuente. Caso clínico: Reportamos el caso de un cáncer gástrico incipiente gigante de 7,2 cm en un hombre de 74 años tratado en la Clínica INDISA en Santiago de Chile. El paciente fue sometido exitosamente a una gastrectomía total con linfoadenectomía D2 y esófago-yeyuno anastomosis en Y de Roux. La histología evidenció un adenocarcinoma bien diferenciado, polipoide, invasivo hasta la submucosa, sin compromiso ganglionar. A los 5 años de su cirugía, el paciente se encuentra asintomático y sin recidiva tumoral.


Abstract Introduction: The gastric cancer is the first cause of death from cancer, in men, in Chile, being the adenocarcinoma the most frequent variant. Clinical case: We report the case of a large early gastric cancer of 7.2 cm in a 74-year-old man who was treated in INDISA Clinic in Santiago, Chile. A total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy with End-to-Side esophagojejunostomy in a Roux-en-Y anastomosis was successfully performed. The histology showed a polypoid well differentiated adenocarcinoma infiltrating up to the submucosa without regional lymph node involvement. Five years after the surgery, he remains asymptomatic and without tumor recurrence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Gastrectomy , Lymph Node Excision
6.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 33(4): 165-168, 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254077

ABSTRACT

La artropatía por pirofosfato de calcio (CPPD) se caracteriza por la acumulación de cristales de pirofosfato de calcio en el tejido articular y periarticular. La localización más frecuente son rodillas, muñecas y pelvis. Sin embargo, también existen reportes aislados de compromiso de columna. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 52 años, con antecedentes de doble prótesis de caderas por coxartrosis diagnosticada a los 20 años de edad. Es evaluado en reumatología en febrero de 2017, por cuadro de poliartralgias de grandes articula-ciones, asociada a dolor de columna cervical, dorsal y lumbar. Se realizan exámenes imagenológicos que demuestran la presencia de calcificaciones interdiscales con sobrecrecimiento óseo, secundario a artrosis severa y discreta este-nosis raquídea solo en segmentos lumbares bajos.


The Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease is characterised by the deposition of crystals of CPPD in the articular as well as in periarticular structures. The most frequent location are knees, wrist and pelvis. However, also there are iso-lated cases involving the spine. It presents the case of a 52 years male patient, with history of bone arthrosis dou-ble hips prosthesis by bone arthrosis diagnosed 30 years ago. He is evaluated in feb-ruary 2017 by pain of large joints associated cervical spine pain dorsal and lumbar. Imagenological tests are prerfomed and confirms the presence of intervertebral discs calcifications and bone overgrowth secundary to severe osteoarthrosis and spinal ste-nosis in lower lumbar segments.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chondrocalcinosis/therapy , Chondrocalcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Prostheses and Implants , Calcium Pyrophosphate , Arthralgia
7.
Rev. chil. reumatol ; 32(1): 17-20, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869807

ABSTRACT

La calcinosis es una manifestación frecuente en la esclerodermia sistémica. Sin embargo, la calcinosis pseudotumoral es de presentación excepcional. Las radiografías o tomografía axial computada son de utilidad para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento. Aunque no existe un tratamiento estandarizado efectivo, la remoción quirúrgica de las lesiones sintomáticas y algunos fármacos son útiles en algunos enfermos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años con esclerodermia sistémica variedad limitada que desarrolló múltiples lesiones pseudotumorales.


Soft tissue calcinosis is a common cutaneous manifestation in systemic sclerosis. However, pseudotumoral calcinosis is rare. Radiographs or computed tomography are useful tools to diagnose and assess this condition. Although no treatment was uniformly effective, surgical excision of symptomatic lesions and medical treatment provided benefit for some patients. We report here a case of a 23 year old woman, suffering from limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, who developed many pseudo tumoural calcinosis lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Calcinosis/etiology , Calcinosis , Scleroderma, Systemic/complications , Scleroderma, Limited/complications
8.
Rev. chil. cir ; 67(5): 518-521, oct. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-762625

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is a prevalent disease in Chile. Therefore, there is sufficient evidence regarding the results of cholecystectomy in adults; however, information in pediatric population is scarce. The aim of this study is to report the results of a series of pediatric patients undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis, in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM). Material and Methods: Retrospective case series. All patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis in the period 2004 to 2013, in the Department of Surgery of Hospital de Puerto Montt, Chile, were included. The main outcome variable was POM. Other variables of interest were cause of consult, coexistence of choledocholithiasis, concomitant diseases, nature of surgery, hospital stay and mortality. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate percentages, measures of center tendency and dispersion. Results: 71 patients, with a median age of 13 years, 84.5 percent female, were operated. POM was 1.4 percent (one case of hemoperitoneum that required reoperation, Dindo-Clavien IIIb). The most frequent cause of consultation was biliary colic (95.8 percent of cases). Coexistence of choledocholithiasis was determined in 6 cases (8.5 percent). The most common concomitant disease was familiar microspherocytosis (4 cases, 5.6 percent). The surgery was elective in 62 patients (87.3 percent). Median hospital stay were 2 days. The serie has no mortality. Conclusion: The observed results are comparable with those from other series of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pediatric patients.


Introducción: La colelitiasis es una enfermedad prevalente en Chile; por ende, existe suficiente evidencia respecto de los resultados de la colecistectomía en población adulta; sin embargo, la información en población pediátrica es escasa. El objetivo de este estudio, es reportar los resultados de una serie de pacientes pediátricos, intervenidos quirúrgicamente por colelitiasis, en términos de morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO). Material y Método: Serie de casos retrospectiva. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes pediátricos colecistectomizados vía laparoscópica en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital de Puerto Montt, Chile; en el período 2004 y 2013. La variable resultado fue MPO. Otras variables de interés fueron causa de consulta, coexistencia de coledocolitiasis, enfermedades concomitantes, carácter de la cirugía, estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva con cálculo de porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: Se intervinieron 71 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 13 años; 84,5 por ciento de sexo femenino. La MPO fue de 1,4 por ciento (un caso de hemoperitoneo que requirió reoperación; Dindo-Clavien IIIb). La causa de consulta más frecuente fue el cólico biliar (95,8 por ciento de los casos). Se determinó coexistencia de coledocolitiasis en 6 casos (8,5 por ciento). La enfermedad concomitante más frecuente fue microesferocitosis familiar (4 casos; 5,6 por ciento). La cirugía fue electiva en 62 pacientes (87,3 por ciento). La mediana de la estancia hospitalaria fue 2 días y no se reporta mortalidad. Conclusión: Los resultados observados son comparables con los de otras series de colecistectomía laparoscópica en pacientes pediátricos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Cholelithiasis/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Length of Stay , Operative Time , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(3): 291-297, mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677335

ABSTRACT

Background: Copper has a bactericidal activity against a series of bacterial strains. Aim: To measure resistance to bacterial adherence of copper (Cu) and stainless steel (SS) metal coupons. Material and Methods: Bacterial strains causing nosocomial infections in Chile were analyzed. Bacterial adherence was studied using apreviously described method based on a system of metal coupons that are immersed in culture media containing the bacteria ofinterest at room temperature. Results: Adherence to Cu and SS coupons was differentfor Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. For these strains, no adherence to Cu coupons occurred during the 48 h observation period compared to a rapidly increasing adherence to SS coupons, with a final colony count of 1.00E + 07 cfu/mL. For two different Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains, inhibition of adherence was not observed on Cu coupons, and colony counts were similar for Cu and SS using the standard inoculum (2-3 xlO7 cfu).Apartial decrease in adherence was observed for Cu but not for SS coupons, when a lower inoculum was used. Conclusions: Copper surfaces represent an interesting option to reduce bacterial contamination in the hospital environment due to its resistance to bacterial adhesión ofmost ofthe common nosocomial bacterial strains.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Bacterial Adhesion/physiology , Copper , Cross Infection/microbiology , Stainless Steel , Acinetobacter baumannii/physiology , Colony Count, Microbial , Klebsiella pneumoniae/physiology , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/physiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(10): 1325-1332, oct. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-668708

ABSTRACT

Background: Copper is essential for cell metabolism in animals and plants and thus for life. Along centuries, copper has been identified as a metal containing antimicrobial properties. In recent years, laboratory assays and clinical studies have revealed that surfaces of metallic copper or its alloys, containing at least 70% copper, eliminate in a few hours several pathogenic organisms including bacterial strains associated with nosocomial infections, influenza virus, HIV, and fungi such as Candida albicans. In March 2008, the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), supported by scientific evidence gathered to date, registered copper as the first and only metal with antimicrobial properties. We herein review certain mechanisms proposed for the antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity of copper. We also discuss in vitro and clinical efficacy studies developed world wide and in Chile, focusing on bactericidal activity of copper surface areas in comparison to materials typically used in hospital environments such as stainless steel and polymers. Scientific evidence gathered to date, consistently shows that the use of copper surface areas in high contact critical points in hospitals, significantly reduces environmental bacterial load. This is associated with a decreased risk of pathogen transmission to patients and represents therefore an interesting complement to infection control programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Copper/pharmacology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Chile , Colony Count, Microbial , Disinfection/methods , Environmental Microbiology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Evidence-Based Practice , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
11.
Rev. chil. urol ; 76(4): 261-265, 2011. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-658276

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El trauma renal está involucrado en 10 por ciento de los traumatizados, el estudio de imágenes nos ha permitido manejar más conservadoramente a estos pacientes, sin embargo los parámetros clínicos siguen siendo una valiosa herramienta de vigilancia que nos permitirá tomar una conducta quirúrgica oportuna. Objetivo: Análisis de la indicación quirúrgica tardía en pacientes con trauma renal en los últimos 15años en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital San Juan de Dios. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes hospitalizados en Servicio de Urología entre los años 1994 y 2008, se obtienen 70 fichas clínicas, se registra edad, sexo, mecanismo de lesión, estudio de imágenes y tratamiento. La edad promedio fue de 31 años, sexo masculino (85 por ciento), el mecanismo de lesión fue: agresión de terceros en 39 por ciento, caída de altura (22 por ciento), accidente de tránsito (20 por ciento), deportes 10 por ciento y otros 9 por ciento; traumatismo cerrado en 52 pacientes y penetrante en 18 casos ;Grado I: 40 por ciento; GII: 17 por ciento; GIII: 17 por ciento; GIV: 23 por ciento, GV: 3 por ciento. Se define como tardía a la exploración quirúrgica después de una semana ocurrido el accidente. Resultados: Catorce pacientes (20 por ciento) se intervinieron quirúrgicamente en forma tardía; se operaron8 de los 52 pacientes con trauma renal cerrado (15 por ciento), en 6 de ellos se realizó nefrectomía por riñones patológicos, 2 pacientes presentaron a la semana post accidente una caída del hematocrito asociado a hematuria severa, se realizó en uno de ellos drenaje más nefrorrafia y en otro nefrectomía simple. De los pacientes con trauma penetrante se operaron 4 pacientes (22 por ciento), en dos pacientes por un descenso del hematocrito en menos de 48 horas; un tercer paciente se exploró porque se detecta un crecimiento de la masa palpable al examen físico y un 4º paciente cuya indicación


Introduction: Renal trauma is involved in 10 percent of trauma cases, image studies have allowed us to handle these patients with more conservative criteria, and nevertheless clinical parameters continue being a valuable monitoring tool that allows us to take an opportune surgical conduct. Objective: Analysis of delayed surgical indication in patients with renal trauma in the last 15 years in the Service of Urology of the Hospital San Juan de Dios. Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients hospitalized in the Urology unit, between years 1994 and 2008. 70 clinical charts are obtained, and age, sex, mechanism of injury, image studies and treatment are registered. The age average was of 31 years, masculine sex (85 percent), the injury mechanism was: third party aggression in 39 percent, fallen of height (22 percent), traffic accident (20 percent), sports 10 percent and other 9 percent. Trauma was closed in 52 patients and penetrating in 18 cases. Grade I: 40 percent; GII: 17 percent; GIII: 17 percent; GIV: 23 percent, GV: 3 percent. Delayed surgical exploration is defined as the one performed after one week of the accident. Results: Fourteen patients (20 percent) had delayed surgery; 8 of the 52 patients with closed renal trauma were operated (15 percent), in 6 of them a nephrectomy was performed due to pathological kidneys, 2patients presented to the week post In 2 patients a hematocrit fall and severe hematuria was seen a week after the accident, in one of them a drainage and nephrorrafy was performed and in the other a simple nephrectomy.Of the patients with penetrating trauma 4 patients were operated (22 percent). In two patients because a fall of the hematocrit in less than 48 hours, a third patient was explored because of a growing mass detected at physical examination, and a 4th patient whose surgical indication was determined by clinical parameters of infection, in him an infected urinoma was drained...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Kidney/injuries , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Kidney/surgery , Severity of Illness Index
12.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 17(4): 183-191, 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627524

ABSTRACT

Background. Increase in visceral fat is associated to the development of fatty liver and liver fibrosis. Hepatic elastography is a novel noninvasive method for assessing liver fibrosis. Objective. To evaluate the relationship between visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (SAT) as measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and transient elastography (TrE) values using ARFI (Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse) in type 2 Diabetic Mellitus patients (DM2). Methods. We included 20 DM2 patients (mean age: 62 years, range: 55-75, mean weight: 77.8 kg, range: 61.5-97). Patients underwent an MRI study in a Philips Intera 1.5T scanner. MR imaging protocol included a spectral excitation sequence centered on the fat peak. The sequence included 32 cross sections, 7mm thick, from the diaphragmatic cupula to the inferior border of the kidney. VAT was measured by using the semiautomatic Image J software. Each patient underwent a hepatic elastograpy (HE); 10 ARFI measurements were performed in the right hepatic lobe. Finally, a statistical analysis was performed by applying Pearson correlation between abdominal fat volumes and ARFI scores Results. Mean VAT was 2472 +/- 861 cc, (1173-4020 cc), whilst the mean ARFI was 1.62 ± 0.8 m/s, (0.8-3.4 m/s). Correlations obtained were r=0.08 between VAT and ARFI (p=0.72); 0.13 between SAT and ARFI (p=0.57), and -0.06 between (VAT+SAT) and ARFI (p=0.77). By subdividing the sample universe, we observed that the group with ARFI scores greater than 1.6 m/s (7 patients) had a correlation of 0.63 between VAT and ARFI (p=0.12); of 0.66 between SAT and ARFI (p=0.10), and of 0.94 between VAT+SAT and ARFI (p=0.001). In the subgroup with ARFI values inferior to 1.6 m/s (13 patients), the correlation was of 0.11 between VAT and ARFI (p=0.71); of 0.26 between SAT and ARFI (p=0.38), and of 0.32 between ( VAT+SAT) and ARFI (p=0.28). When adjusted for gender, ARFI scores greater than.


Introducción. La acumulación de grasa visceral se asocia al desarrollo de enfermedad hepática. La elastografía hepática es un método novedoso no invasivo para evaluar fibrosis hepática. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación entre el volumen de tejido adiposo visceral (VAT), volumen de tejido adiposo subcutáneo (SAT) medido por resonancia magnética (RM), con índices de elastografía hepática (EH) utilizando ARFI (fuerza de impulso de radiación acústica) en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Métodos. Fueron incluidos 20 pacientes (edad promedio: 62 años, rango: 55-75 años, peso promedio: 77,8 kg, rango: 61,5-97 kg) con DM2. Los pacientes se sometieron a un examen de RM en un resonador Philips Intera 1.5T. Al protocolo de RM se agregó una secuencia de excitación espectral centrada en el peak de grasa. La secuencia incluyó 32 cortes transversales, grosor 7mm, desde la cúpula diafragmática hasta el borde inferior renal. En las imágenes se midió VAT utilizando el software Image J (freeware). En cada paciente se realizó una EH, utilizando ARFI con 10 medidas en lóbulo hepático derecho. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis estadístico a través de la correlación de Pearson entre los volúmenes de grasa abdominal y ARFI. Resultados. El promedio de VAT fue 2472 +/- 861 cc, (1173-4020 cc), el promedio de ARFI fue 1,62 ± 0,8 m/s, (0,8-3,4 m/s). Se obtuvieron correlaciones de r=-0,08 entre VAT y ARFI (p=0,72), de 0,13 entre SAT y ARFI (p=0,57), y de -0,06 entre (VAT+SAT) con ARFI (p=0,77). Subdividiendo el universo muestral, se encontró que el grupo con ARFI mayor que 1,6 m/s (7 pacientes) obtuvo una correlación de 0,63 entre VAT y ARFI (p=0,12), de 0,66 entre SAT y ARFI (p=0,10), y de 0,94 entre (VAT+SAT) con ARFI (p=0,001). En el subgrupo con ARFI inferior a 1,6 m/s (13 pacientes) la correlación fue 0,11 entre VAT y ARFI (p=0,71), de 0,26 entre SAT y ARFI (p=0,38), y de 0,32 entre (VAT+SAT) y ARFI (p=0,28).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , /pathology , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Intra-Abdominal Fat/anatomy & histology , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Fatty Liver/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Risk Assessment , Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology
13.
Rev. chil. urol ; 75(1): 51-58, 20100000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-574238

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Correlacionar las características tomográficas de los tumores renales, con los hallazgos anatomopatológicos, para determinar si es posible su diferenciación por imágenes en el diagnóstico y clasificación T (TNM).Material y Método: Se realizó un seguimiento por 10 meses entre octubre de 2008 y julio de 2009 de todos los tumores renales estudiados y tratados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios. La cohorte recopiló 34 casos de tumores renales sólidos con informe radiológico por TC, de los cuales 30 se sometieron a cirugía, con su posterior análisis anatomopatológico y grado nuclear de Fuhrman. Hombres 23, mujeres 11, con un promedio de edad de 55 años (32-84 años). Se evalúa por TC, patrón de realce, homogeneidad, calcificaciones y compromiso vascular. Se correlacionó el tamaño T imagenológico por TNM, con el pT por histopatología, así como también la presencia o no de síntomas y la modalidad quirúrgica elegida (radical o parcial, laparoscópica o abierta). Resultados: Un promedio de tamaño tumoral de 6,6 cm (1,5-12 cm), 30 fueron catalogados al TC como carcinoma de células renales (CCR), de los cuales 24 fueron confirmados por histopatología, siendo las características tomográficas más predictivas, el comportamiento hipervascular (23) y la heterogenicidad (22). En pocos casos de los CCR, se presentó necrosis (5) y calcificaciones (1). El resto de los tumores (6) correspondieron a pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa, angiomiolipoma, mielolipoma suprarrenal, oncocitoma (2) y quiste hidatídico, de los cuales 5 impresionaron como CCR. El acierto entre la impresión diagnóstica por TC y la por istopatología, fue de 83 por ciento. La correlación en la clasificación T (TNM) fue con acierto total de 75 por ciento. La certeza en el diagnóstico en etapas m órgano confinadas (T1 y T1-2) fue significativa (p= 0,01 y p= 0,02) al confirmarse a la histología. Existe una tendencia de los tumores incidentales a presentarse en etapas más precoces. Conclusión: Casi el...


Objective: To correlate tomographic characteristics of renal tumors with pathologic findings in order to determine if the diagnosis and TNM classification can be performed by imaging. Material and Method: Between October 2008 and July 2009, all renal tumors diagnosed and treated at Hospital San Juan de Dios were followed. The cohort was composed of 34 solid renal tumors. All cases had a CT scan report. Out of the total, 30 patients underwent surgery with a subsequent pathology report that included Fuhrman’s nuclear grade. There were 23 males and 11 females with an average age of 55 years (32-84). CT scan analysis included enhancement pattern, homogeneity, calcifications and vascular involvement. We correlated the T size by images with pT by histology. Also, the presence of symptoms and the surgical technique were recorded. Results: Average tumor size was 6.6 cm (1.5-12); 30 cases were classified by CT scan as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Of them, 24 cases were confirmed by histology. The CT scan findings that better predicted histology were hipervascularity (23) and heterogeneity (22). Few RCC showed necrosis (5)and calcifications (1). The rest of the cases (6) corresponded to xantogranulomatous pielonefritis, angiomiolipoma, mielolipoma, oncocytoma and hidatidic cyst. Of them, 5 were diagnosed as RCC by images. The agreement between CT scan diagnosis and histopathology was 83 percent. The correlation with the TNM classification was 75 percent overall. Accuracy in the diagnosis of T1 and T2 cases was significant (p =0.01 and p =0.02). There is a trend for incidental tumors to present at earlier stages. Conclusion: Almost 50 percent of RCC cases were incidental findings. Imaging characteristics and enhancement pattern by CT scan are helpful in the diagnosis of RCC and in the T classification. This method has an adequate correlation with postoperative histopathology especially at early stages (T1 and T2). Better diagnostic elements are required...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
Rev. chil. urol ; 75(1): 19-24, 20100000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-574232

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La linfadenectomía en cáncer de pene cumple un importantísimo rol en la etapificación y tratamiento. Históricamente ha sido subutilizada por la morbilidad asociada al procedimiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Análisis de la linfadenectomía inguinal modificada, su rol etapificador y el compromiso de la grasa periganglionar como factor de mal pronóstico. Material y método: Revisión retrospectiva de 40 linfadenectomías inguinales modificadas, realizadas en 20 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de pene, entre los años 1995 y 2009. La edad promedio de los pacientes estudiados fue de 63,8 años, con un tiempo de evolución promedio de la lesión de 8,2 meses. La histología en la totalidad de los casos fue carcinoma escamoso, realizándose como primera aproximación quirúrgica 8penectomías parciales y 12 totales. Técnica quirúrgica utilizada: Linfadenectomía inguinal modificada. Resultados: Se realizaron 22 linfadenectomías profilácticas, obteniéndose ganglios inguinales superficiales (+) en 4 oportunidades y ganglios profundos (+) en 1 de ellas. Se realizaron 18 linfadenectomías terapéuticas, obteniéndose ganglios inguinales superficiales (+) en 12 procedimientos y ganglios profundos (+) en 4 de ellos. La sobrevida general a 5 años, fue de 15 por ciento y la específica de 10 por ciento.Los factores de mal pronóstico fueron la indiferenciación lesional, el compromiso de ganglios inguinales profundos y el compromiso de la grasa periganglionar. Discusión: No existiendo actualmente exámenes con adecuada sensibilidad y especificidad para detectar el compromiso ganglionar inguinal en el cáncer de pene, se plantea como rol primario de la Linfadenectomía, la etapificación; sin embargo, su rol terapéutico es el más importante, pudiendo ser curativo especialmente en pacientes con micrometástasis. Detectados factores de mal pronóstico, como el compromiso de la grasa periganglionar, se podría mejorar la sobrevida de la enfermedad en pacientes seleccionados con terapias...


Introduction: Lymphnode dissection (LND) in penile cancer (PC) plays an important role both in staging andtreatment. Historically, LND has been underused due to the morbidity associated to the surgical procedure. Objective: To study modified inguinal LND for staging and to evaluate involvement of the perinodal fat as a factor for poor prognosis. Material and method: A retrospective review of 40 modified inguinal LND performed in 20 patients with a diagnosis of PC between 1995 and 2009 was done. Mean age was 63.8 years. The lesion had been present an average of 8.2 month prior to the diagnosis. In all cases, the biopsy showed squamus cell carcinoma. Surgical procedure was partial penectomy in 8 patients and total penectomy in 12 cases. All patients underwent modified inguinal LND. Results: Twenty two prophylactic LND were performed. In 4 cases, (+) superficial lymphnodes were obtained and in 1 case, (+) deep lymphnodes were found. Eighteen therapeutic LND were done. In 12 LND, (+) superficial nodes were found and in 4 cases, deep (+) lymphnodes were found. Overall survival at 5 years was 15 percent, whereas the specific survival was 10 percent. Poor prognostic factors were the following: high histologic grade, involvement of deep inguinal nodes and involvement of the perinodal fat. Discussion: Currently, there are no tests with enough sensitivity and specificity to detect lymphnode involvement in PC. Therefore, LND has an important role in staging; however, its therapeutic role is even more important; the procedure might be curative in patients with micrometastases. When poor prognostic factors such as involvement of the perinodal fat are found, survival could be improved using adjuvant therapies like radiation therapy or combined chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Lymph Node Excision , Penile Neoplasms/surgery
15.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 16(2): 70-74, 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577494

ABSTRACT

Bariatric surgery has developed considerably over recent years due to the progressive increase in obesity worldwide. The laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a new restrictive technique, with promising initial outcomes. CT images play an important role in postoperative evaluation as well as in complication management in patients undergoing this surgical technique. Here we review the role of abdominal computed tomography in the study of potential complications.


La cirugía bariátrica se ha desarrollado considerablemente en el último tiempo como consecuencia del aumento progresivo de la obesidad a nivel mundial. La gastrectomía en manga laparoscópica es una técnica restrictiva nueva, con resultados iniciales prometedores. Las imágenes juegan un rol importante en la evaluación postoperatoria por lo que es imprescindible conocer los cambios anatómicos normales y las principales complicaciones de esta técnica. En este trabajo revisamos el rol de la tomografía computada de abdomen en el estudio de posibles complicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Postoperative Complications , Gastrectomy/methods , Obesity/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Gastric Fistula/etiology , Gastric Fistula , Gastrectomy/adverse effects , Splenic Infarction/etiology , Splenic Infarction , Laparoscopy
16.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 25(6): 435-444, dic. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503960

ABSTRACT

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of shigatoxin producing E. coli (STEC) infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) are reviewed. Surveillance results from 14 sentinel centers during 2000-2002 showed a mean incidence rate of 3.4 HUS cases per 100.000 children, with the highest incidence in the 6 to 28 month age group. Disease is endemic with summer peaks. Between 1988 and 2002 we obtained the clinical characteristics of a group of 119 HUS children with the following results: mean age 16 months, bloody diarrhea 57.8 percent, no previous diarrhea 9 percent, 60 percent received antibiotics, 72 percent had oligoanuria, 53 percent required dialysis, 15 percent had seizures and 31 percent had dizziness; mortality was 3 percent. Four foodborne outbreaks have been detected in Santiago, two outbreaks occurred in household settings, one in a Day Care Center and one in a Neonatal Unit. Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of STEC infections, including potential vaccines are discussed.


Se revisan y actualizan aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de las infecciones por Escherichia coli productora de shigatoxina (STEC), y el síndrome hemolítico urémico (SHU). Se incluyen resultados de una vigilancia de SHU en 14 centros centinelas (2000-2002), que mostró una incidencia promedio de 3,4 casos por 100.000 niños, 78 por ciento) en el grupo de 6 a 48 meses. Esta vigilancia reflejó una situación endémica, con aumento en verano. Se analiza la observación clínica protocolizada de 119 pacientes con SHU hospitalizados en la Región Metropolitana (RM) (1988 y 2002). Edad promedio: 16 meses. El 578 por ciento> tenía diarrea con sangre, 9 por ciento> no tenía diarrea previa, 60 por ciento> recibió antibacterianos, 72 por ciento> presentó oligoanuria y 53 por ciento> necesitó diálisis. El 31 por cientoo tuvo compromiso de conciencia y 15 por cientoo presentó convulsiones. Letalidad 3 por ciento. Se analizan brotes de STEC asociados a alimentos ocurridos en la RM en el hogar (2), un jardín infantil (1) y en un servicio de neonatología (1). Finalmente, se entregar recomendaciones para el manejo clínico y prevención, se revisan los criterios diagnósticos, nuevas estrategias terapéuticas y progresos en el desarrollo de vacunas.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/microbiology , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Chile/epidemiology , Escherichia coli Infections/diagnosis , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/diagnosis , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/epidemiology , Incidence , Population Surveillance
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(3): 338-346, mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484904

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a serious disease that needs rapid diagnosis for an accurate treatment. The most important etiological agents are: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Overall pathogen detection rate in patients with ABM in Chile is 83 percent. Aim: To evaluate a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) protocol for simultaneous detection of several pathogens in patients with ABM. Material and methods: We designed and evaluated a multiplex PCR protocol for simultaneous specific genes identifications of S pneumoniae (¡ytA and ply genes), N meningitidis (ctrA, crgA) and H influenzae (bexA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from pediatric patients with suspected diagnosis of ABM. Sensitivity, specificity and minimum detection levels of DNA were determined. Amplifications ofrDNA 16S gene was done to confirm extraction of bacterial DNA. Results: Ninety nine CSF samples were studied, 90 from children with fever and negative CSF culture, and 9 from ABM and positive culture patients. The PCR protocol had a sensitivity of 89 percent, specificity of 100 percent, positive predictive value 100 percent and negative predictive value 99 percent. Conclusions: We observed a high concordance (89 percent) between bacteriological cultures and the PCR protocol results. This diagnostic tool could increase identification of agents in specific settings such as patients previously treated with antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Meningitis, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Acute Disease , Chile , DNA, Bacterial/cerebrospinal fluid , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Haemophilus influenzae type b/genetics , Haemophilus influenzae type b/isolation & purification , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Meningitis, Haemophilus/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Haemophilus/microbiology , Meningitis, Meningococcal/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology , Neisseria meningitidis/genetics , Neisseria meningitidis/isolation & purification , Pneumococcal Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification
18.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 73(3): 192-203, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515859

ABSTRACT

Presentamos 3 casos de endometriosis profunda del tabique rectovaginal con compromiso intestinal, en los cuales se realizó resección segmentaria del rectosigmoides para lograr la remoción completa de la enfermedad. Se analiza el cuadro clínico, manejo quirúrgico, complicaciones y seguimiento posterior. Revisamos la literatura a fin de establecer algunas pautas de manejo de esta entidad.


We reported 3 cases of deep endometriosis affecting the rectovaginal space with intestinal disease in which a rectosigmoides resection was required to achieve a complete surgical removal of disease. The clinical course, surgical management, complications and follow-up are analyzed. We review the literature to define some guidelines in the management of this entity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Endometriosis/surgery , Endometriosis/complications , Vaginal Diseases/surgery , Rectal Diseases/surgery , Laparoscopy , Colon, Sigmoid/surgery , Endometriosis/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases/etiology , Vaginal Diseases/etiology , Rectal Diseases/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Treatment Outcome
19.
P. R. health sci. j ; 26(2): 141-145, Jun. 2007.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476398

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of health professionals about clinical the management of sexual aggression in children based on the sexual aggression survivors manual in Puerto Rico. METHOD: The study population was composed of 150 health professionals (physicians and nurses). For the collected data, a self-administered questionnaire was used. The response rate was 88.7% (n=133). Descriptive statistics, crosstabs tables and Chi-Square were used for the data analysis. RESULTS: 75.9% of the participants were unaware of physical indicators related to sexual aggression in children. Nevertheless, 66.2% of the participants recognized emotional indicators of sexual aggression. 82.7% of the participants think sexual aggression victims should be referred to the physician and nurse, followed by 20.4% that indicated the social worker. 94.7% of the participants were unaware of the correct steps to carry out in a crisis intervention with sexual aggression victims and 91.7% recognized that all information topics should be offered during the intervention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm the necessity of intervention strategies to increase the knowledge of the participants about the correct clinical management of sexual aggression survivors.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Clinical Competence , Child Abuse, Sexual/diagnosis , Child Abuse, Sexual/therapy , Nurses , Physicians , Puerto Rico , Survivors
20.
Bol. Acad. Nac. Med. B.Aires ; 83(2): 309-324, jul.-dic. 2005. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567703

ABSTRACT

Tradicionalmente, el error ha servido para aprender lo que no había que hacer y lo que no era verdad. Luego se sumó la reacción de castigar al responsable del error suponiendo que éste era producto de la incapacidad o irresponsabilidad individual. La búsqueda, explícita o no, del "culpable" ha promovido mayor temor en los profesionales de la salud y generado una creciente tendencia a ocultar los errores. Desde 2001, la Academia Nacional de Medicina, a través de su Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, desarrolló e implementó un programa para el mejoramiento de la seguridad en la atención de los pacientes, en cuatro instituciones sanitarias de nuestro país de diferentes características. El propósito del programa es: "diseñar, validar y evaluar metodologías que permitieran identificar errores, casi errores y eventos adversos; analizar el mecanismo de su producción y contribuir a señalar los procesos correctivos". El mismo está organizado en cuatro componentes: a) cultura organizacional para la seguridad del paciente; b) sistemas de información para la vigilancia del error durante el proceso de atención, c) mejoramiento continuo de la seguridad del paciente y d) gestión de conocimiento.


Subject(s)
Patient Care/standards , Health Programs and Plans , Environmental Health , Evidence-Based Medicine , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Medical Errors/trends , Mandatory Reporting , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Medical Records/standards
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL